Mathematical functions in C++

As it is a superset of C, C++ provides a wide range of beneficial mathematical functions. Standard C++ and C provide these functions to support a variety of mathematical operations. These functions can be used directly to simplify code as well as programs rather than focusing on implementation. The list of mathematical functions that C++ offers is as follows:

You must include either the <math.h> or the <cmath> header files in order to utilize these functions. You may conduct mathematical operations on numbers using a variety of functions in C++.

We will learn what a mathematical function is in this tutorial, and we will use examples to demonstrate how to apply them in a C++ program.

What do you mean by a mathematical function in C++?

A math function is defined as a connection that will map elements from one set (A) to another (B), with each element of the first set mapped to only one element of the second set. This is also true for C/C++ (as well as other programming languages), where you have an input set as well as an output set.

The mathematical functions that are part of the math or cmath package can be used to do computations in the C++ programming language. These mathematical functions are mainly designed in order to do difficult mathematical calculations.

The library in C++ makes it simple to conduct difficult mathematical operations like solving algebraic equations and trigonometric functions. For example, the sin() function is used in order to determine the value of sin, the pow() function determines the value's power, as well as the sqrt function, determines the value's square root.

Different Types of Mathematical Functions

C++ supports a wide range of arithmetic functions, which are listed below with examples:

1. The maximum and minimum functions

#include <iostream>
#include <math.h>
using namespace std;
int main() {
cout << max(19,22) << "\n";
cout << min(19,22) << "\n";
return 0;
}
 

Output:

22
19

2. Power functions

#include <iostream>
#include <math.h>
using namespace std;
int main() {
cout << pow(2,9) << "\n";
cout << sqrt(20) << "\n";
cout << cbrt(3) << "\n";
cout << hypot(8,10) << "\n";
return 0;
}
 

Output:

512
4.47214
1.44225
12.8062

3. Exponential functions

#include <iostream>
#include <math.h>
using namespace std;
int main() {
cout << exp(10) << "\n";
cout << log(6) << "\n";
cout << log10(6) << "\n";
cout << exp2(50) << "\n";
cout << log2(4) << "\n";
cout << logb(4) << "\n";
return 0;
}
 

Output:

22026.5
1.79176
0.778151
1.1259e+15
2
2

4. Integer functions

The nearest integer value can be found with its assistance.

#include <iostream>
#include <math.h>
using namespace std;
int main() {
cout << ceil(8450.01) << "\n";
cout << floor(952.777) <<< "\n";
cout << round(918.5) << "\n";
cout << fmod(9,71) << "\n";
cout << trunc(70.95) << "\n";
cout << rint(21.25) << "\n";
cout << nearbyint(189.22) << "\n";
cout << remainder(18,56) << "\n";
return 0;
}
 

Output:

8451
952
919
9
70
21
189
18

5. Comparison functions

It makes no difference how long the number is if it can help you compare it in a short period of time. Several comparison function examples are provided below:

#include <iostream>
#include <math.h>
using namespace std;
int main() {
// cout << less(22,29) << "\n";
cout << isgreater(48,47)<<"\n";
cout << islessequal(11,5)<< "\n";
cout << isgreaterequal(19,72)<< "\n";
cout << islessgreater(59,84)<<"\n";
cout << isunordered(62,84)<< "\n";
return 0;
}
 

Output:

1
0
0
1
0

6. Using Trigonometric Function

Functions specifically used in geometric computations. The right-angled triangle provides a relationship between the angle and the ratio of the lengths of the two sides.

#include <iostream>
#include <math.h>
using namespace std;
int main() {
cout   <<   sin(0)<< "\n";
cout   <<   cos(0)<< "\n";
cout   <<   tan(1)<< "\n";
cout   <<   asin(1)<< "\n";
cout   <<  acos(0)<< "\n";
cout   <<   atan(1)<< "\n";
cout   <<   atan2(0,1)<< "\n";
return 0;
}
 

Output:

0
1
1.55741
1.5708
1.5708
0.785398
0

7. Hyperbolic functions.

Here are a few more fascinating functions known as "hyperbolic functions" that can be used in order to calculate the values of hyperbolic trigonometric functions.

#include <iostream>
#include <math.h>
using namespace std;
int main() {
cout << sinh(0)<< "\n";
cout << cosh(0)<< "\n";
cout << tanh(1)<< "\n";
cout << asinh(1)<< "\n";
cout << acosh(1)<< "\n";
cout << atanh(0)<< "\n";
return 0;
}
 

Output:

0
1
0.761594
0.881374
0
0

Conclusion

Math functions are essential for making significant time and memory savings. There is no need to create any math functions directly because they are all built-in. Instead, just add a header file to have access to the entire math class library.