Python Basic Operators

In this tutorial, we will master all about basic operators and their expressions in python. Besides these will learn about the different types of operators in python and how to use them.

Python Operators are unique symbols that perform some sort of computation. The objects or values on which operators act are known as operands in python. Any statement that contains operators and operands is called an expression.

X = 50
Y = 20
Z = X + Y -10
print(Z)
 

Output:

60

In the above example, Z = X + Y -10 is an expression with + and - as its operators, and Z, X, Y&10 are the operands.

What are the different types of operators in python?

The different types of operators in python are listed below.

• Arithmetic Operators
• Comparison Operators
• Logical Operators
• Assignment Operators
• Identity Operators
• Membership Operators

Arithmetic Operators

Arithmetic Operators in python are used for mathematical calculations like Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, Division, Modulus, etc.

Some of the arithmetic operators and their calculations are given in the below example.

X = 10
Y = 2

print('X+Y=',X+Y)
print('X-Y=',X-Y)
print('X*Y=',X*Y)
print('X/Y=',X/Y)
print('X%Y=',X%Y)
print('X**Y=',X**Y)
print('X//Y=',X//Y)
 

Output:

X+Y= 12
X-Y= 8
X*Y= 20
X/Y= 5.0
X%Y= 0
X**Y= 100
X//Y= 5

Comparison Operators

As the name indicates, Comparison operators also known as Relational operators compare the two operands and return either True (if the condition met )or False as result in python.

a = 10
b = 2

print('a==b is',a==b)
print('a!=b is',a!=b)
print('a>b is',a>b)
print('a=b is',a>=b)
print('a<=b is',a<=b)
 

Output:

a==b is False
a!=b is True
a>b is True
a=b is True
a<=b is False

Logical Operators

Logical operators are used to evaluating two expressions or statements. Three basic logic operators are and, or and not. They are typically used to control the flow of the program in a boolean context similar to comparison operators. Boolean values are either True(T) or False(F).

Here is the example:

x=12
print('x>5 and x<10 is',x>5 and x<10)
print('x>5 or x<10 is',x>5 or x<10)
print('not x<10 is', not x<10)
 

Output:

x>5 and x<10 is False
x>5 or x<10 is True
not x<10 is True

Bitwise Operators

A bitwise operator is used to manipulate bit-level data. Common logical operators like arithmetic operators, comparison operators, etc work on bytes while bitwise operators work on bits in a byte. Common bitwise operators are listed in the below table. The binary representation of 3 is 0000 0011 and that of 4 is 0000 0100.

Example of bitwise operators:

a=3
b=4

print('a&b is',a&b)
print('a|b is',a|b)
print('a^b is',a^b)
print('~a is',~a)
print('a<<2 is',a<<2)
print('a>>2 is',a>>2)
 

Output:

a&b is 0
a|b is 7
a^b is 7
~a is -4
a<<2 is 12
a>>2 is 0

Where do we use bitwise operators?

Bitwise operations are not common in the real world as they are typically used for low-level operations. Low-level operations use the binary format of 0 and 1 to manipulate data. Listed below are some of the areas in which bitwise operators are used.

• Primarily used in embedded system
• Data Compression - WinRAR,zip
• Encryption
• Networking
• Hardware manipulation
• Graphics

Assignment Operators

Assignment operators as studied in previous tutorials assigns a value to the variables. For instance, a = 10 assigns value 10 to the variable a. Some compound assignment operators are available in python. They take the expression a+=10 which is equivalent to a= a+10. So let’s learn about some assignment operators which are tabulated below.

Membership Operators

From the previous tutorial, we are familiar with Membership operators. Membership operators in python are used for validating the existence of a member in a sequence like string, list, tuple, set, and Dictionary.

The two membership operators in python are :

• in: Returns True if the member exists in the sequence
• Not in Returns True if the member does not exist in the sequence.

A = {1,3,5,7,8}
print(3 in A)
print(8 not in A)
 

Output:

True
False

Identity Operators

Identity operators in python are used to compare the memory location of two variables. The result will be true if the memory locations are the same for two variables.

The two identity operators in python are:

• is: True if operands point to the same objects or same location
• is not: False if operands point to the same objects or same location

x1=10
x2=10
y1=y2='OP'
x1=[1,2,3]
print('x1 is x2 evaluates to',x1 is x2)
print('y1 is not x2 evaluates to',x1 is not x2)
print('x1 is x1 evaluates to',x1 is x1)

Output:

x1 is x2 evaluates to False
y1 is not x2 evaluates to True
x1 is x1 evaluates to True

Operators Precedence in Python

Operator precedence refers to the order of operators in which they evaluate an expression. The list below provides the operator precedence in python.